Why I Think Malaysia Will Be The Best Place To Live In The Next Essay

(First prize winner in the STAR 25th anniversary essaycompetition (Category C - adults) Should a fairy godmother suddenly appear before me with a crystal ball, amagic wand and a world atlas, and give me the liberty to lead the country Idlike to live in 25 years from now, without a seconds hesitation, I would point tothat small nondescript, elongate peninsula straddling the equator calledMalaysia. The reason is very simple. I firmly feel that 25 years hence,Malaysia would be one of the nicest - if not THE nicest - places to callhome. Let us matter a little journey down the corridors of time and cast a glance at thedestiny of some of the nations of the world over the past volt decades. There iswar and famine in some, greed and suffering in others. Quite clearly,Malaysia has reason to stand proud among the countries of the world. Thereis plentiful sunshine and rainfall, age the soil is rich and the harvestsplentiful. Even Mother Nature has seen fit to bless Malaysia by exempting he rfrom its tantrums - there are no tsunamis and earthquakes, no floods anddroughts, no hurricanes and typhoons. Consequently, there is no need to livein fear of natures sudden and unabated fury no need to be constantly on the vigil for un needed destruction and devastation Freed from theencumbrances of having to battle with the forces of nature, Malaysians areempowered to pursue lifestyles of their own liking. The economy is booming,jobs are for the taking... this is the senario today and there seems little reasonto expect this scenario to change adversely within the next 25 years. In fact,with proper management and leadership, the outlook for Malaysia in the next25 years may charge improve. unspoilt for starters, imagine coming home after a days work to a spotlessly spickand span house filled with the tantalising feel of rich coffee and roastchicken, all waiting to welcome one home... Which Malaysianhousewife-cum-career lady has not dreamed of this before? And yet, thisdream may intimately become a reality just 25 years from now - all because of thewinds of technological change, which are sweeping through the country rightnow. Pping Just press that little button on your wristwatch 30 minutes beforeyou head home and itd activate the gamut of... ...e governments attempts to develop a caring society are mostcommendable. Twenty-five years hence, these efforts would have begun tobear fruit. Palliative and geriatric care has already made itself felt whilehalfway houses for abandoned babies and abused children are increasing bythe day. The groundwork for inculcating the caring attitude amongMalaysians has already been laid with the move towards developing caringschools. traditionalistic values like thrift, hard work, respect for the aged and filialpiety are being upheld as exemplary values which can hold the role ofMalaysian society together. The voices of people like Marina Mahathir callingfor tolerance and understanding for those most in need of moral suppo rt arelike beacons in the dark, lighting the way towards the creation of the highest ofall societies - that with a conscience. Ultimately, the country, which would bebest to live in, would be that which enjoys technological growth from withoutand strong moral and spiritual maturation from within. And it is exactly thisfactor which makes me firmly believe that Malaysia will be the best place tolive in 25 years from now.

Negative Effects of False Media Images :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Negative Effects of False Media Images Since the birth of communication, media has been used to convey information to those willing to invite it. Beginning with publications and simple spoken words, and soaring to new heights in the twentieth century with radio, television, and the internet, media have been made accessible to batch in all(prenominal) aspect of their daily lives. With such a strong hold on modern society, mass media have been able to shape popular culture and ofttimes influence public opinion. However, when abused, the power of media can harm the general population. Biased media tend to make people strive to be some maven elses idea of staring(a) while subconsciously ignoring their own goals. Stereotypes formed by the media that include thin, tanned women, and wealthy, muscular men have led to a decline in self-acceptance. The legal age of media today often present the perfect body to the public, hoping that consumers will strive to achieve fitness using a certain product or idea. time this form of advertising may somewhat increase a products market share, many people suffer from inner conflicts as a result of bankruptcy to achieve the body of a top athlete or fashion model. Along with emotional conflicts, those influenced by the media have encountered physical problems, including bulimia, anorexia, and the employment of harmful dietary plans. Unless reality is discerned from what is presented in certain media, some people will continue to suffer. Consumers could find the truth more easily if media offered products advertised by normal people without all the extra glamor. In addition to this, if the public could view advertising only as something to get ones attention and not a portrayal of how one should look, there would be fewer problems. Until either is accomplished, the negative effects will be felt by the vulnerable, and companies will continue to make their money. Those consumers given a false impression about a product thro ugh various forms of media are the ones who suffer most from our societys portrayal of the perfect body. After being influenced by a television commercial or a magazine pictorial, certain people in this world will purchase an item hoping that the same victory shown in the medium will be had by them as well. The truth of the matter is that this hardly ever happens. Every day, ugly people wear beastly cologne, and slow runners wear Carl Lewis track shoes.

John Proctor vs. Minister Dimmesdale :: essays research papers

legerdemain Proctor was a main character in Arthur Millers The Crucible. He was a farmer in Salem, mummy in the 1600s. He was put to death when he would not admit to practicing witchcraft. Minister Dimmesdale was a main character in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. He fathered a child out of wedlock in a sinful relationship, and fell to his death when he couldnt take the guilt any longer. washbasin Proctor and Minister Dimmesdale had several things in common, but also had several differences.Both bath Proctor and Minister Dimmesdale were involved in sinful relationships. John Proctor had an affair with a young girl named Abigail Williams even though he was married to Elizabeth Proctor. Minister Dimmesdale fathered the child of Hester Prynne while she was married to Roger Chillingworth. Both workforce had relationships that were looked down upon by society.Neither John Proctor nor Minister Dimmesdale wanted to admit to their sins at first. Elizabeth Proctor knew of John s affair, but he did not admit it to the townspeople until Abigail Williams accused Elizabeth of witchcraft. John Proctor knew the only reason that Abigail had done this was because Elizabeth had fired her due to the affair. Minister Dimmesdale lived with his guilt for several years beforehand he admitted to being the father of Pearl. Hester Prynne and Minister Dimmesdale were going to escape on a ship and live together as a family. But, when this did not happen, Dimmesdale could no longer take the guilt. He stood on a scaffold with Hester and Pearl, admitted his sin, and fell to his death. Both John Proctor and Minister Dimmesdale waited before confessing to their sinful relationships.Both John Proctor and Minister Dimmesdale died by telling the truth. John Proctor could have admitted to being a witch and saved his own life. But, he chose to do the chaste thing and stick to the truth. He told the truth, and died for what he believed in. Minister Dimmesdale also died by telling th e truth. He lived for several years as the guilt continued to physique up inside of him. He fell to his death on the scaffold after he told the townspeople he was indeed the father of Pearl. Both mens lives ended when the truth was revealed.Although both men had sinful relationships, these relationships were also very different. John Proctor had an affair with Abigail Williams. But, he did not love her.

Waiting for the Bus - Original Writing :: Papers

Waiting for the Bus - Original Writing It was about 8 oclock in the evening, it was been raining for a very long time the atmosphere around is so miserable the air is so heavy as if its filled with lead and the surroundings be dull and lifeless as if it was the darkest corner on earth. A middle aged piece with tattoos all over his body smoking a cigar is world interviewed by a female doctor in a psychiatric hospital. While preparing the apparatus, the young lady tells him about the procedure This conversation will be recorded, as many others before it, do you understand scratch? Would you like to tell me about your dreams? In this depressing room, with dull lights, you can only limit the still outline of the two people, as if they are mysterious statues sat there staring at each other. After a while the man takes a deep breath and begins to talk.Every night for all the three months that I move over been kept here, I have had the same bizarre dream, the screams of which have been waking everyone up at night. There was a pause during which the young psychiatrist was looking desperately into the madmans eyes and him looking away as if ashamed of something. My dreams get longer each night- whispered the patient in a distressed voice. The conversation was ended there and then Peter never said a word until his next meeting with the psychiatrist. Every time they met their chat got them one step closer to the patients dream. Spring was approaching the support gradually began to change from cold and rainy to sunny and cheerful. These were the first few days it has been like this. It was like a new start for Peter the endure was divine and precious, he could not get enough of it, it seemed like it gave him power and superiority over every one else. As the days grew longer, so did the conversations the psychiatrist and the man had. It was an ordinary day and as usual Peter was having a 5 oclock

Individually Unified :: essays papers

Individually UnifiedWe are Americans We can customize our cars, base of operationss, and even our lives. How did we become such individualists? During the late 1500s, the Chinese government had several chances of becoming a vast world power and instilling their sense of loyalty and unity as a country. Since China believed that they were a self-sufficient entity, they were content to leave things as they were and saw no point in exploring the unknown. The Europeans on the other hand were forced to explore new worlds due to the lack of trading ability and graphic resources. Thanks to Christopher Columbus and others that followed, their exploration and conquering of the New World made it possible for Europeans to expand and populate. However, the new gambleings also made it possible to spread their egocentric nature and greedy culture that is passed off today as peoplebeing individuals. In 1492 Christopher Columbus started on his voyage to find what he aspect would be a fast er route to the West Indies, but in actuality stumbled upon small islands that we now call the Bahamas. When he left on his voyage, his intent was to find and take the riches that the West Indies had to offer but to his disappointment these things that were intended to pay for his voyage did not exist. Clearly, Columbus had reason to worry that his voyage would be viewed as a failure. He had not found the gold mines he sought or the Asian cities described by Marco Polo. He thought he had discovered many spices, though only the chili peppers were new. (Worlds of History, p.19)When Columbus realized that he had not found the riches he was expected to bring home to the Spanish king and queen, he knew that it was very important to make sure that he portrayed his journey in a pleasing light when he wrote to them (as to not make himself look like a failure).When reading the first hand account of Columbuss voyage, it is in many ways knockout to believe that what Columbus was saying w as actually the truth. In no way did he talk about his voyage in a negative manner. He talks about how the Indians treated him and his crews like kings. Instead of making himself look like a failure, I feel that he made himself and the Europeans in familiar look like very greedy people.

Individually Unified :: essays papers

Individually UnifiedWe are Americans We can customize our cars, habitations, and even our lives. How did we become such individualists? During the late 1500s, the Chinese government had several chances of becoming a vast world power and instilling their sense of loyalty and unity as a country. Since China believed that they were a self-sufficient entity, they were content to leave things as they were and saw no point in exploring the unknown. The Europeans on the other hand were forced to explore new worlds due to the lack of trading ability and lifelike resources. Thanks to Christopher Columbus and others that followed, their exploration and conquering of the New World made it possible for Europeans to expand and populate. However, the new regardings also made it possible to spread their egoistical nature and greedy culture that is passed off today as peoplebeing individuals. In 1492 Christopher Columbus started on his voyage to find what he public opinion would be a fas ter route to the West Indies, but in actuality stumbled upon small islands that we now call the Bahamas. When he left on his voyage, his intent was to find and take the riches that the West Indies had to offer but to his disappointment these things that were intended to pay for his voyage did not exist. Clearly, Columbus had reason to worry that his voyage would be viewed as a failure. He had not found the gold mines he sought or the Asian cities described by Marco Polo. He thought he had discovered many spices, though only the chili peppers were new. (Worlds of History, p.19)When Columbus realized that he had not found the riches he was expected to bring home to the Spanish king and queen, he knew that it was very important to make sure that he portrayed his journey in a pleasing light when he wrote to them (as to not make himself look like a failure).When reading the first hand account of Columbuss voyage, it is in many ways lumbering to believe that what Columbus was saying was actually the truth. In no way did he talk about his voyage in a negative manner. He talks about how the Indians treated him and his crews like kings. Instead of making himself look like a failure, I feel that he made himself and the Europeans in oecumenic look like very greedy people.

Pride and Prejudice Is Concerned with Various Aspects of Love and Marriage

Pride and Prejudice is concerned with various aspects of roll in the hay and marriage. Discuss. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, was pen in 1797, when women were still dep canent on men for their livelihood and marriage was a alikel for women of the time to substantiate settled in comfortable households. During the lick of 19th atomic number 6 in England, balls were one of the places to neighborlyise, in other words, an opportunity for most newfangled women to look for suitable husbands.Many of the Jane Austen novels centre on the theme of erotic applaud and marriage, and it can be said that it presents to us the amicable history of England. Raymond Williams said, Austens novels provide an accurate record of that moment in English history in which bourgeois society most evidently interlocked with an agrarian capitalism. Austens Emma is a case in point in which the lead heroine is a match maker and though she herself vows non to tie yet eventually falls in love with George Knightley who is the owner of an estate.Similarly, in other Austen novels, the story revolves around men and women interacting and socialising, and leads to an end where the heroine is happily married. Pride and prejudice is non free from such(prenominal) a theme, while marriage is a big concern, we besides see development of love and the growth of relationships especially between Jane and Bingley, Elizabeth and Darcy. Pride and Prejudice starts with the comment, It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a effectual fortune, must be in want of a wife. This clearly sets out the pace of the story and we come to know that men with property argon world highlighted. Mrs Bennet with five daughters to take care of and who also wants to protect her future after her husbands death, feels it a great responsibility to marry transfer her daughters in well off households. So, when she hears of a Mr Bingley with four or five thousands a year, she pes ters Mr Bennet to meet him for the sake of her daughters.This shows how she has already raised up her hopes that perhaps he may fall in love with one of them. Mr Bingley is not only in the hunt list of Mrs Bennet but also on several other womens too in the neighbourhood. Mrs Bennet makes a comment on Mrs Long She has two nieces of her own, which suggests that she is desperate to get her hands laid on him before he commits to another woman. The question is why women take to be in this institution of marriage. One reason, as it appears, is the social status, and the other, the future comfort that marriage promises to women. As Wollstonecraft quotes, he only way women can rise in the world- by marriage. Why Charlotte gives in to marry Mr. collins is only for a promising future and to free herself from being a burden to her family. Also, Mrs. Bennet throws her daughters into the marriage market in hope of acquiring them a social status. But why did women have to run after wealthy men ? It is only because women did not have any income of their own during that time, so they needed financial support through their husbands to run their lives.Had this been not the case and if women were working, marriage would not have become a priority of biography for women skilful to meet a stable future and financial status of men would not have mattered thence. Even now some mothers like Mrs. Bennet, who have adopted such notions of marriage of that time, still talk about getting their daughters married in good households. For them the future is all about marriage, they cant separate the vista of their daughters future from the thought of them being married one day. Similarly, for Mrs. Bennet, Jane marrying Mr.Bingley is an excellent prospect Elizabeth, being Darcys mistress, has the promise of living a fantastic life. Though Elizabeth is the heroine of the novel, Janes life takes a centre-stage in the eyes of the characters as she is the most beautiful of all the women, an d so everyone is involved in her love life as they believe that with her beauty she can captivate any man of fortune. She is then thrown into the marriage market. From this we also come to know how love is not the first priority but economic status in society is what women want to seek through marriage.We also see how beauty played a role for catching good husbands. Charlotte Lucas who is seen as another potential candidate for Bingley in the beginning, fails because she is not handsome enough. She ultimately marries Elizabeths cousin Mr Collins just to gain financial security. This, maybe, because of the lack of education that women received. They were only educated in the arts that were necessary to be a lady and also the ones that would make them a good housewife.Another quote by Wollstonecraft It is acknowledged that they (women) spend many of the first years of their lives in acquiring a smattering of accomplishments meanwhile strength of tree trunk and mind are sacrificed to libertine notions of beauty, to the desire of establishing themselves- the only way women can rise in the world by marriage. And this desire making mere animals of them, when they marry they act as such children may be expected to act- they dress, they paint, and nickname Gods creatures. Not only well-educated young women of small fortune were in want of husbands but as Amrita Bhalla in her essay Property Rights of (Wo)men, writes Even women of fortune were not spared an orientation for marriage- their chief concern was to be well-behaved in a specific manner, dictated by the current times. Perhaps, marriage enhanced their status in the society. Lady Catherine de Bourgh is quite astonished when she finds that the Bennet sisters did not draw, play or sing. Single men are the primary target for young women in the novel.We see Elizabeths younger sisters out with men at quite an early age. They are quite attracted by the officers in red coats. We see Lydia and Kitty socialising with the officers and they seem to be the most excited ones at the prospect of marriage. Mrs Bennet encourages them to go out, as she wants to be free from her duty as soon as possible. There is an attitude of urgency towards marriage not only to get husbands of fortune but as in Lydias case who runs away with Wikham, is ultimately married to him for the sake of the status of her family in society.She then feels quite proud of the fact to be the first one of her sisters to get married. We also see Mr Collins, a single man with considerable wealth, who wants to marry desperately, guardianship his eye on the Bennet sisters. Although, he notices Jane first, after knowing she is taken he settles on Elizabeth but he is refused by her. Jane Austen quotes, It is always incomprehensible to a man that a woman should ever refuse an offer of marriage. Mr Collins finally finds civility in Charlotte Lucas and she consents to his marriage proposal for the prospects of future wealth.The narrator comm ents, Without thinking highly either of men or of matrimony, marriage had always been her object it was the only honourable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune, and however suspicious of giving happiness, must be their pleasantest preservative from want. While the novel is focused upon different attitudes towards marriage such as marrying for financial security or social status, we see elements of love which sprout slowly and finally blossom by the end of the novel.Its the love between Darcy and Elizabeth that develops most slowly but as is it does, we see a change in both the characters. Darcy is the first to fall in love, but it is after his proposal is refused, that he reflects upon his behaviour. He then realises his slip ones mind and tries to undo all of them. He tries to restore the honour of the Bennet family by making Wikham marry Lydia. It is his love for Elizabeth that urges him to help her in all way possible. He even gives up on his pride. This change in him develops a stronger feeling of love in Elizabeth towards Darcy.She too introspects and realises how prejudiced she has been all along. She falls for Darcy but we are not quite sure when exactly her mind changes although she jokes that she happens to change her mind when she visits Pemberley. Therefore, love gives rise to self-reflection and an alteration in attitudes of the main characters. Austen does not this instant dwell into love in the beginning of the novel. While marriage is the main focus, love happens eventually between the principal characters.The disagreeable and proud Darcy is not hypnotized enough to fall for Elizabeth at first sight but as he sees her more and more, he is captivated by the beauty of her eyes. He starts canvass Elizabeths character more and more, and falls for her deeply. He ignores his status, while he proposes to Elizabeth, although she does not belong to an equal background. Elizabeth justifies herself in front of his aunt, He is a piece I am a gentlemans daughter so far we are equal. Darcy being the prince, who marries an ordinary woman, gives Pride and Prejudice a fairytale ending.Another couple who are affected by love is Jane and Bingley, Jane falls passionately in love with Mr. Bingley and he falls for her. When Bingley deserts Jane, her love only grows for him while he is away. They too have a happy ending when Bingley finally returns for her. Austen is quite subtle in the presentation of love among her characters they do not delve into passionate love making, but grow feelings of love and care for each other. There are overall five important marriages in the novel Mr. And Mrs. Bennet, Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins, Lydia and Wikham, Jane and Bingley, Elizabeth and Darcy.Mr. and Mrs. Bennet are quite opposite in their characteristics which is why they have conflict of ideas, and hence, fail as a couple whereas, Charlotte and Mr. Collins do not share any commonalty between them either. Both of these couple lack the emotion of passionate love for each other. Charlotte is married to Mr. Collins only for future support and not because she loves him. Wikham and Lydias marriage again is not borne out of love, but it is a compromise after their little runaway trip together. The only successful marriages that seem to be are of Bingley and Jane, and Elizabeth and Darcy.Both these pairs are lovers and the men in this case ignore their status and social obligations to marry the women they love. After he hears about Elizabeth and Darcy, Mr Bennet says, If any young men come for Mary or Kitty, send them in, for I am quite at leisure. He is overjoyed for his favourite daughter for finding herself a superior husband. Hence, we notice that having a superior husband was considered important at that time and this is one of the points that feminist writers point out in their review article against Jane Austen because of her including such a statement.She ends the novel on a happy note, with al l her heroines happily married. Although, marriage is seen necessary for monetary support but ultimately Austen characters cannot leakage love. Mary Wollstonecraft in Vindication of the Rights of Woman felt that if women were better educated, they would not then marry for support. Pride and Prejudice, thus, shows us how the society in 19th century England looked at the social institution of marriage. We can, therefore, conclude that Pride and Prejudice deals with various aspects of love and marriage.

Seattle Central Community College

In my desire to have got a sturdier foundation in establishing my dream and to enhance my values to be a stronger person, I have distinct to transfer to Seattle University. In my previous train, Seattle Central Community College, I had been afforded with adequate education for my chosen course. However, I have settle downd to change my chosen my racecourse to a better one. Hence, I have shifted to (course to enroll in Seattle University) in Seattle University.Undeniably, Seattle University has established its reputation in the field of education. The members of its faculty atomic number 18 also view for their dedication in imparting their time and effort in developing the talents and skills of their students.The school is also complete with facilities necessary in making their students comfortable and content in their studies. The schools environment is also perfect as it provides for a learning ambiance that adds motivation for students. The school is indeed a grand choice i n the realization of my dream.I have also been inspired by the schools mission and vision in producing students who will not totally be successful in their chosen career but also an inspiration in the society because of their values and attitude towards societal problems. Notably, one of the schools ways of educating their students is opening their minds about poverty, injustice, discrimination and other societal problems.As for me, I have been aspiring to share my life in helping my rural area by contributing to the minimization of these problems. I also realized that fulfillment does not bring forth by any degree earned but by every simple yet great deeds and helping others from their pain. For me, I loss to look and understand more about these problems in order to decide my own way of helping and to being an asset of the society.In reaching this goal, I have confidence that Seattle University is the perfect institution that can provide me the values, experience, knowledge an d the skills I need.Remarkably, faith is the foremost essential value that shields and protects an individual in battling all the trials and difficulties that may arise in the future. Through faith, one becomes stronger and fully spirited in taking his journey in life. As a Catholic individual, I have been found on faith. My parents have been imparting me important values that are necessary in dealing with life and to be a better person.In going on with my journey, I desire that the Catholic institution will tarry to guide me. This will not only strengthen my faith but will also remind me of the basic values that I may come to forget when exposed in another environment.Furthermore, I long to enroll in Seattle University because I am fond of making friends with students from around the globe. At Seattle University, I will not be having difficulty in finding friends of different races because the school is diversified which is populated with students from all parts of the world. Thro ugh diversity,I also press to join student organizations in the school in order to gain more friends and additional input necessary in the development of my personality. Through these organizations, I believe that my self-confidence will be improved.At the same time, I am interested in joining volunteer community activities that any organizations may be engaging into. By reaching out to those in needs, I will be able to experience real life. I will also explore the outside world. More importantly, these activities will give me an opportunity to help others in my own simple way.To reiterate, I am determined to transfer to Seattle University because I want to improve my academic capability, values, attitude, and skills. In addition, I also want to make new friends and join organizations that are engaged in helping communities. Furthermore, I have chosen this institution because I am confident that it has all the factors needed in the realization of my dream an in making me a better p erson.

Flannery o conners writings

Writings For readers why are not familiar with Flannels O Connors writings, they t break off give the reader emotional devastation because If all the gothic elements such(prenominal) as the violence and the messed up religious elements. The short stories that she creates give off an uncongenial feeling and possesses the readers feelings towards the stories. Many of these stones have both violence and religious aspects to them.Fate plays a big role In the stories climaxes. Either the mall character or the antagonists encounter what seems to be fate and start off violent but end up as If they saw the errors of their ways or felt as of a higher power has accepted them. In the end of AGAINST the characters encounter the woman hater right after they crash. They meet him by fate. Fate is not always a good thing. Later on the violence in the story happens when the alone family is murdered by them.The antagonist in this story understands that what he did is not right and he can act as a Chr ist ensure because he brought the thoughts of people out of them as if they were confessing something to him. In The Circle in the Fire the antagonists violently burn down everything around the barn, and then danced around it as if they felt like they needed to do and if a higher power has accepted them. The impact her endings give off are disastrous and thought agitating leaving the reader in awe.

Quasar Computers and Different Market Structures

quasi-stellar radio source monopolized the market with the creation of an all-optical imputer known as Neutron. Patents promote innovation for inventors, which allow exclusive rights to do business for a specific eon (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn 2009). A patent for this brand-new technology allowed Quasar to experience growth in revenues by setting the price as the only provider of an all-optical calculating machine. Quasar established that marginal cost and marginal revenue were equal when selling apiece Neutron computer at $2,550 with quantities sold was at 5. Units. This helped Quasar determine the invite for maximizing future salary to stay competitive with cost reductions in production. Oligopoly In 2006, Quasar was in an oligopolies market because they were already competing with Orion Technologies, a familiarity that recently introduced their own optical notebook computers. During this time of competition, Quasar and Orion mutually stabilized the price for notebooks and b oth were generating profits.As Orion Technology introduced their optical computer to market which resulted In a 50% consumption, Quasar decided that the price of the computer would drop to $1850, creating a profit of $207 and revenues equally $1195 million. Although Orion did make a dent in the optical computer industry they were not able to capitalize on the market. Despite the fact that they were holding the other 50%, they garbled profits even though the revenues were equivalent to Quasars. Monopolistic Competition In 2010, Quasar was facing more challenges because of the variety of computer models introduced by other new companies.They were in a noncompetitive competition, and Quasar thought of another strategy to keep differentiated from their competitors. They allocated a budget of $200 million to invest in brand development. Because of that Ceres was born, another variation of the optical notebook. Ceres was specifically designed for a new end user, thus distinguishing itse lf from the Neutron. In a monopolistic competition, brand development Is vital for maximizing profit higher price for their superior quality products (Fischer, Violence, & Settler, 2010). Pure Competition The final market was the perfect competition.Quasar is hale established in the market in 2012. Quasar has obtained controlling interests in Optic for optical display screens (ODDS) technology. The competitive edge with Optic will profit revenues but will require continued innovation to avoid the profit loss. Using a similar strategy that Quasar used in 2005, profits can be maximized by lowering the costs of production. Because Optic operates in a pure competition market, revenue will increase but at long last the competitors will copy Opticians example limiting the economic edge to a short period.Conclusion In each market structure, Quasar made choices that were unique in the structures to maximize profits for each market. The choices made in a monopoly are different from the de cisions that needed to be made in other structures. The simulation allowed the fortune to see how market structure decisions impacted the overall profitability of Quasar over a span of several years. Our findings produced the best exults for Quasar under each organizational change occurring over a span of a few years.

Discovering Your Authentic Leadership Essay

The article discussed authentic, original, workership. It explained the importance of discovering ones own leadership. To do that, the article points that you should be yourself Do not impersonate another leader. By doing so, people around you will know that you are trying to behave like someone else, which may lead to mistrust.Authentic leaders are usually passionate about their goals. They ready sure to always practice their determine, lead with both their emotions and their minds and they aim for long and pregnant relationships. buffer leaders give meaning to their lives by overcoming difficult experiences. By giving meaning to their lives, leaders become more effective.Authentic leaders make it a point to develop themselves on their own. They dislike having a plan handed to them that limits them and forces them to follow a certain pattern or procedure commemorate by someone else. They see that as a kind of copying someone elses style. When making their own plan for developm ent, they install their own values and morals into it. Thus making it easier for them to practice those values and developing them further.It is also essential for authentic leaders to balance their motivation sources. They should balance judgment, criticism and reprisal. Original leaders see their organization as a very important aspect of their lives. This enables them to clarify their beliefs, values and their understanding of important issues. They also give near feedback to people around them when it is needed.The practical steps of being an authentic leader are to stay grounded , Empower people around to lead, learn from their life, knowing themselves, practicing their values, equilibrise intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and finally build a support team.

Dear Manny and Jennifer

Good day Before anything else, my vex and I would like to express our deepest gratitude to some(prenominal) of you with regard to the real estate properties information in Phuket, Thailand.Your suggestions were closely considered and after thinking things thoroughly, my father indicated that he would like to buy a hotel that is fully set up and is currently in business. Another possibility would be a hotel that is completely erected and would be in full operation in a few months time.My father decided on this as he is concerned that it would be difficult if he bought a property that is not yet established since he has in truth little knowledge about Thailands real estate laws and regulations. He also understands the trouble of having to deal with the hotel in Phuket while he is in Hong Kong and so he believes that this is the best way to do it.My father is also wondering about the cost of these properties. Is it possible that the prices be forwarded so that he can decide founder? I would like to assure both of you that he is not rushing to buy a property, so please do not worry. He is real waiting for the best one in the market, and, when the opportunity comes, you can be sure that he will buy it right away.Again, thank you so lots for your help. Your efforts are greatly appreciated. Without you two, we would not have been able to look in to this. We hope to hear from soon.Sincerely

Community Service

Community service isnt about padding ones resume, it isnt about doing things so that one might be proud and arrogant about it. But it is the dawning realization of to the greater understanding our humanity, our finesse and a greater clutches of the great lives that so many of us lead and deem to be normal when it pretty much is extraordinary in its own respect intercourse to many other individuals al approximately the world.I spent my hours, dedicated to Community service, as an intern at the North edge Long Island Jewish Hospital. Although victorious part in this internship was initiated in order to further my knowledge and follow through in the medical correction, I was taught how to make traffic with unknown people that were for the or so part, ill. This has been one of the greatest experiences because I got the chance to interact with many different types of people including cooks, nurses, hospital staff members, and patient ofs.This was a mental image gift for me be cause my interests in music have been greatly spread out and I was given the honor of being able to help those that were in need, whether it was reading a short book to them, or even closing the blanket in their room upon their request. The take up way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. - Mahatma Gandhi. This repeat summarizes my experience at the hospital, where I was able to find myself in respect to humanity.When I first got notice that I would be working in a hospital, I was ambivalent stimulate that I would finally stick a chance to experience first-hand what people of the health profession feel, and reluctant because of the atmosphere that would evade me for three hours of a day. though my intuitions were right to some extent, I didnt even get a chance to notice the shortcomings of my internship at the hospital. I was forever and a day busy with some craft or another from patient interaction to clerical work, my hands were always busy.The f irst day I went to serve my clock fourth dimension at the hospital was quite an possibly one of the most enlightened days of my life. I learned more in the three hours than I would in a week if I were to go straight home. passim the winter term internship at NSLIJ Hospital I was able to observe a Brobdingnagian array of medical specialties. I learned what it means to be a part of the medical field, and the responsibilities that go along with that.I spent the majority of my time at the hospital shadowing doctors as they went about their cursory practices seeing patients, performing procedures, analyzing test results, collaborating with other doctors, etc. This internship was incredibly valuable as it loose my eyes to time, dedication, and care it takes to work a good doctor. all(prenominal) few weeks, the interns would switch positions, so that everyone could be a part of most, if not all, departments. There was the ICU, for flip ones wig victims the Childrens Ward, for ne wborns and infants the Clerical section, where file took place etc.If we were easy enough, we got the chance to see an actual birth taking place, of course the permission of both the doctor and patient was need along with a strong stomach. In my opinion, the hospital internship is one of the most effective ways in not only upchuckting a person who wants to abide by a career in the health professions on the right path, but also in interacting with people of all sorts. The best thing about this experience was that I was able to put a smile on peoples faces. I received more than on the nose knowledge and experience from taking part in this internship- I received blessings.What more can a person ask for? It was an elderly woman that express God Bless You to me later on I had helped her to sit up on her bed. I encourage anyone and everyone to participate in a program similar to this one, because it was in effect(p) to me in many ways. I was enlightened in the field of medicine an d gained experience, I got a chance to build on my people skills, and best of all, I was the source of even the exact amount of happiness that I was capable of providing to the people around meCommunity ServiceCommunity service isnt about padding ones resume, it isnt about doing things so that one might be proud and arrogant about it. But it is the dawning realization of to the greater understanding our humanity, our fragility and a greater appreciation of the great lives that so many of us lead and deem to be normal when it pretty much is extraordinary in its own respect relative to many other individuals around the world.I spent my hours, dedicated to Community service, as an intern at the North Shore Long Island Jewish Hospital. Although taking part in this internship was initiated in order to further my knowledge and experience in the medical field, I was taught how to make relations with unknown people that were for the most part, ill. This has been one of the greatest experie nces because I got the chance to interact with many different types of people including doctors, nurses, hospital staff members, and patients.This was a double gift for me because my interests in medicine have been greatly expanded and I was given the honor of being able to help those that were in need, whether it was reading a short book to them, or even closing the curtain in their room upon their request. The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. - Mahatma Gandhi. This quote summarizes my experience at the hospital, where I was able to find myself in respect to humanity.When I first got notice that I would be working in a hospital, I was ambivalent thrilled that I would finally get a chance to experience first-hand what people of the health profession feel, and reluctant because of the atmosphere that would surround me for three hours of a day. Though my intuitions were right to some extent, I didnt even get a chance to notice the shortcomings of my internship at the hospital. I was always busy with some job or another from patient interaction to clerical work, my hands were always busy.The first day I went to serve my time at the hospital was quite possibly one of the most enlightened days of my life. I learned more in the three hours than I would in a week if I were to go straight home. Throughout the winter term internship at NSLIJ Hospital I was able to observe a vast array of medical specialties. I learned what it means to be a part of the medical field, and the responsibilities that go along with that.I spent the majority of my time at the hospital shadowing doctors as they went about their daily practices seeing patients, performing procedures, analyzing test results, collaborating with other doctors, etc. This internship was incredibly valuable as it opened my eyes to time, dedication, and care it takes to become a good doctor. Every few weeks, the interns would switch positions, so that everyone could be a part of most, if not all, departments. There was the ICU, for burn victims the Childrens Ward, for newborns and infants the Clerical section, where filing took place etc.If we were lucky enough, we got the chance to see an actual birth taking place, of course the permission of both the doctor and patient was need along with a strong stomach. In my opinion, the hospital internship is one of the most effective ways in not only lay a person who wants to pursue a career in the health professions on the right path, but also in interacting with people of all sorts. The best thing about this experience was that I was able to put a smile on peoples faces. I received more than just knowledge and experience from taking part in this internship- I received blessings.What more can a person ask for? It was an elderly woman that said God Bless You to me after I had helped her to sit up on her bed. I encourage anyone and everyone to participate in a program similar to this one, because it was beneficial t o me in many ways. I was enlightened in the field of medicine and gained experience, I got a chance to build on my people skills, and best of all, I was the source of even the little amount of happiness that I was capable of providing to the people around meCommunity ServiceCommunity service isnt about padding ones resume, it isnt about doing things so that one might be proud and arrogant about it. But it is the dawning realization of to the greater understanding our humanity, our fragility and a greater appreciation of the great lives that so many of us lead and deem to be normal when it pretty much is extraordinary in its own respect relative to many other individuals around the world.I spent my hours, dedicated to Community service, as an intern at the North Shore Long Island Jewish Hospital. Although taking part in this internship was initiated in order to further my knowledge and experience in the medical field, I was taught how to make relations with unknown people that were f or the most part, ill. This has been one of the greatest experiences because I got the chance to interact with many different types of people including doctors, nurses, hospital staff members, and patients.This was a double gift for me because my interests in medicine have been greatly expanded and I was given the honor of being able to help those that were in need, whether it was reading a short book to them, or even closing the curtain in their room upon their request. The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. - Mahatma Gandhi. This quote summarizes my experience at the hospital, where I was able to find myself in respect to humanity.When I first got notice that I would be working in a hospital, I was ambivalent thrilled that I would finally get a chance to experience first-hand what people of the health profession feel, and reluctant because of the atmosphere that would surround me for three hours of a day. Though my intuitions were right to some extent, I didnt even get a chance to notice the shortcomings of my internship at the hospital. I was always busy with some job or another from patient interaction to clerical work, my hands were always busy.The first day I went to serve my time at the hospital was quite possibly one of the most enlightened days of my life. I learned more in the three hours than I would in a week if I were to go straight home. Throughout the winter term internship at NSLIJ Hospital I was able to observe a vast array of medical specialties. I learned what it means to be a part of the medical field, and the responsibilities that go along with that.I spent the majority of my time at the hospital shadowing doctors as they went about their daily practices seeing patients, performing procedures, analyzing test results, collaborating with other doctors, etc. This internship was incredibly valuable as it opened my eyes to time, dedication, and care it takes to become a good doctor. Every few weeks, the inte rns would switch positions, so that everyone could be a part of most, if not all, departments. There was the ICU, for burn victims the Childrens Ward, for newborns and infants the Clerical section, where filing took place etc.If we were lucky enough, we got the chance to see an actual birth taking place, of course the permission of both the doctor and patient was need along with a strong stomach. In my opinion, the hospital internship is one of the most effective ways in not only putting a person who wants to pursue a career in the health professions on the right path, but also in interacting with people of all sorts. The best thing about this experience was that I was able to put a smile on peoples faces. I received more than just knowledge and experience from taking part in this internship- I received blessings.What more can a person ask for? It was an elderly woman that said God Bless You to me after I had helped her to sit up on her bed. I encourage anyone and everyone to partic ipate in a program similar to this one, because it was beneficial to me in many ways. I was enlightened in the field of medicine and gained experience, I got a chance to build on my people skills, and best of all, I was the source of even the little amount of happiness that I was capable of providing to the people around me

Perfect Wife Essay

A popular saying goes, Marriage involves three rings the scrap ring, the wedding ring, and the suffering.If it is commonly felt that marriage is so difficult, why do most people deficiency to get married? Probably, the instinct to find a mate is inherent in hu adult male beings and I am no exception. Somehow, I believe that there is someone out there who was made curiously for me, and, once I find him, we ordain fall in love, and get married and only and so will I feel complete. So, how will I sleep together my Mrs Right? What qualities should I be flavour for?First of all, I am non looking for Mrs Tall, and pretty. Character is more important than looks. I cannot deny that I am attracted to good-looking girl, but marrying solely for physical attraction will probably lead to short term pleasure but life-long regret. I have overly noticed that bonny girl are often vain and arrogant, which I find most unattractive. One of the main things that I admire in a women is humility. Such a women will not boast about his wealth, news show or achievements, but, instead appreciate other peoples abilities and achievements. She will also readily fill when he has made a mistake. Such a women would be a joy to live with. true(p) communication is the key to any solid relationship, most of all, marriage. I would want my future wife to make out her thoughts with me. I want to hear her dreams and to share in her struggles. On the other hand, I will also need someone who will be ready to listen to me, and interested to know what is happening in my life. There should be no secrets between us.Life is full of challenges. We can expect to face chastening as well as success heartache as well as joy tediousness as well as excitement. So, the perfect wife should have a positive attitude and a good sense of humour. She should be witty and say things which make me laugh. The perfect wife would also be one who can see the silver lining behind every cloud, rather than focus on the flaws in every situation. With such a women, I will be encouraged to look at life in a happier and more positive way.Above all other qualities, the perfect wife will be faithful. She must be someone who really believes in that marriage is made to hold till death do us part. She will be totally committed to our relationship, and ordain to stay for the long haul, in sickness and in health, for better or for worse as couples send for in the wedding vows. The perfect wife would not be distracted by other man not even when I have lost my looks. In return, I will also address my total loyalty and faithfulness to my future wife.Actually, there are many other qualities that make a women perfect wife material. For example, one obvious quality would be the ability to provide and, though it is not the most important quality, physical attraction must be a part of the equation for a marriage to work well. However, while it is easy to make lists, finding a women to live up to them will b e very difficult. Furthermore, instead of focusing on my requirements for the perfect wife, I think I should recognise my own imperfections, and set about correcting them. As Barnett Brickner said, Success in marriage does not come nevertheless through finding the right mate, but through being the right mate.

Safety Management Tools Used By The Food Industry Health Essay

Today s people atomic number 18 much more cognizant ab bug out alimental sentry duty and quality than past. c each(prenominal)able to wholesome borne unwellness eruption and product c anyback besides suffered 1000000s of lbs economic losingss in nutritive manufacturing. study grounds for these failure ar botching, alterations in the equipment, add-on of wrong ingredients, preparation routine, formula or readiness pattern, jobs in packaging, deficiency of attending to detail every bit well as malicious taint. A tangible belongings that may do a nutrient to be insecure for human wasting disease are known as physical jeopardy. Usually occurs in nutrient premises and may do sincere unwellness. It could be happen by rude(a) jostles like bone, tegument, connective tissue or by extrinsic gouges like foreign organic structures such as churl, plastic, pieces of metal, wood, paper every bit good as insect infestation. The presence of foreign organic structures like glass a nd rodent dungs in nutrient is a greater concern as it break knock off hygiene. It may be brought into nutrient premises with the natural stuffs or acquire embark during any bear on phase. Foreign stuffs get into nutrient accidentally for baptistery pieces of metal in mince meat or of course occurring objects for case castanetss in fish that are see menace to the consumer.In nutrient processing installations, most common beginnings found are bottles, jars, bulbs, unmortgaged fixtures, utensils, gage screens, glass containers and glass nutrient containers. Usually it may do cuts, shed blooding that may oblige sometimes surgery to happen or crawfish this physical jeopardy. To avoid this hazard nutrient industry should minimise utilizing of ordinary glass. Dials and gages on equipment should be perfect. Besides, they should hold a glass policy particularly to fence with breakage spectacless. Possibly, nutrient readying should halt in instance of serious breakage event. Contamin ated nutrient must be discarded. By ocular criticism, nutrient container may look into for any broken part of glass. It should be cover that the country is cleaned and free from broken spectacless before get downing nutrient preperation. aliment wight trainer requires proper preparation and direction as if they squirt response right.Furthermore, to observe glass from nutrient in nutrient industry, optical s grassners, x-ray machines, screens, filters and air separation system can use. Furthermore, noise with air or lavation, inverting, is infallible to minimise the hazard being present in a container however prior to make fulling.WoodCommon beginnings of wood found in edif grumps, boxes, Fieldss, wooden palettes or wooden construction utilize to supermarket and retailer. Besides might be associate with natural stuff transit and merchandise processing industry. It may do cuts, infection, choking. Soft wood should be take from production premises. Wooden containers used for transporting natural stuffs should be phased out. Over unfastened nutrient palettes should non be dual stacked.RockField harvests for illustration lentil, garden peas and beans contain small rocks that may picked up at reaping period. Rocks can besides acquire introduce with nutrients from floor.PlasticsCommon beginnings of plastic include boxing stuff, utensils used for cleansing, palettes, baseball mitts worn by nutrient animal trainer. It may do choking, cuts, infection.Metallic elementCommon beginnings are machinery, Fieldss, wire and employees. It may do infection, cuts.dirt ball AND OTHER FILTHCultivation land, works post-process entry are the beginnings of insect infestation. it may do unwellness, injury, choking. jewelryPens, pencils, buttons, careless nutrient animal trainer patterns can be include. It may do cuts, infection and so onBonesCommon beginnings are Fieldss, improper processing works. It may do choking and injury.INSULAIONCommon beginnings are constructing stuff . It may do choking, long-run if asbestos.OTHERSCommon beginnings are basics, composition board, fabric, fiber, threading so on. Particular attention is necessary when nutrient deliver in assorted container like paper pokes, boxes and tease board.After taking threading from hessian pokes should directly be smirchd in appropriate container to avoid taint. It may do choking and dental distress like dentitions broken.Natural frameworkIn nutrient processing variable nature of natural stuff quality may be a bitant job. Natural stuffs can be a of import beginning of immaterial affair and nutrient makers use a scope of screening, cleansing and rating trading operations to take out the jeopardy stuff. In industry of frozen peas for case, metal prison guards, coffin find out terminals, chaffs, rocks, sticks, caterpillars and soil frequently associate with the vined peas as they arrived at the processing industry.Control step should hold precondition to detail maximal allowable degree s of taint in the incoming natural stuffs. By holding specifications with all providers and monitoring and measuring the provider public presentation in run intoing the specifications, the company has an positive shaft of light in minimising the hazard by immaterial affair.Before utilizing natural stuffs, cleaning or rinsing and review may necessary. Most physical taint has to be removed by employee as the veggies pass along an lighted review belt.Food production should be filteed liquid and pulverizations sieved, filters screens and screens should be every bit all right as come-at-able and must be cleaned and checked often. Worn equipment should replaced. Wooden-framed screens are normally non acceptedPackaging MaterialPackaging is besides a beginning of immaterial affair in the contour of warehouse and transferee dirt/dust, wood from the palettes, paper and polythene strips from over wraps and a assortment of insects and even gnawers. containers ( tins, jars, bottles and ficti le pots ) may be used straight foe make fulling with mineral cleansing and any rogue stuff in the container ( metal matchwoods, glass, soil, insects, etc. ) may stop up in the terminal merchandise.Effective WAY FOR commanding PHYSICAL HAZARDSTo develope, physical jeopardy designation plan in the nutrient industry, processors have to roll up elaborate information for every phase of each nutrient processing and their beginning. Significant physical jeopardies can be found by detecting each procedure phase during all phases of its processing at the industry factory.After placing jeopardies, an effectual plan can run to pull off and cut down these hazards of serious happening.Tools of the overall plan include carefully throughout Hazard analysis and scathing control purport ( HACCP ) , sanitation, care and Good fabrication pattern ( GMP ) programsI? effectual microbiological and chemical confirmation testing, systematic procedures validation twain yearly and when alterations occurI? regular employee trainingI? and merchandise design and packaging schemes that should carefully take into history both the practical jeopardies that have been identified and the consequences of possible maltreatment of the merchandise. Auditing agenda must be designed to happen out failings in all of these countries. Identified Critical Control Points ( CCP s ) are critical, and this information must be used to implement apropriate control of the procedure. Furthermore, regular scrutinizing on this information should happen in order to guarantee betterment bit by bit. Besides, to overlook possible jeopardies, or neglect to execute confirmation measurings where needful can take to disaster really fast.Commercial research labs are besides a possible resource to supply way and input to understand, implement, and utilize these tools. This aid can come in the signifier of microbiological and chemical analysis, proof testing, merchandise testing, audits, consulti-ng services from HACCPt rained expertness, and customized onsite preparation pertinent to the orbit of the nutrient industry that provides maximal benefit to employees and installation.Standard operating processs ( SOPs ) to minimise hazards of physical jeopardies. corroding hair cyberspaces to minimise the chance for hair associate into nutrient. Avoid utilizing nail Polish or trivial nails. Polish can flake off and fall into nutrient, and unreal nails can come loose and downfall into nutrient. Avoid utilizing rings with rocks or earrings that could integrate into nutrient.Pay particular attending to the nutrient during readying to place physical contaminations. Take attention to take and fling all packaging from nutrient. Remove all castanetss when deboning poulet or other meats. Look for possible contaminations. For illustration, dry beans must be sorted prior to rinsing to take rocks that may be at that place from crop. Remove any toothpicks that might be used in nutrient readying.Maintain, clean a nd usage equipment decently. Clean and sanitise equipment and utensils after use each clip. Clean blades of can openers after usage to guarantee that metal shaves do non roll up. Use merely commercial ice scoops when acquiring ice from an ice machine orassigning ice. Puting shields on visible(a) radiations. Shatterproof visible radiation bulbs can be usage.DecisionIn decision it can be said to cut down hazard of major nutrient incidents, which cause human unwellness and major economic loss, it is of import to place and understand the possible jeopardies by the nutrient provider. It is their duty to place and minimise jeopardies in the nutrient that they produce or serve. Effective and possible schemes and control steps must be developed to minimise the jeopardies. A procedure should be placed that is well-designed, wellmanaged and capable to regular reappraisal theis at the lowest hazard for critical failures. Overall, an effectual quality control system is the most cost effectual manner to run for the primaryproducer, and consequences in the greatest possible satisfaction for the consumers benefit from the quality of the product.So, supplier quality confidence, good fabrication procedure and preparation installations in nutrient industry among nutrient animal trainer could be effectual safety direction tools. Furthermore, to place any important physical jeopardy or critical control point, nutrient industry should construct a HACCP squad and behavior by flow diagram for the each processing phase. Auditing besides can be

Zoology Chordata Vertebrates

run shark (Rhincodon typus) Kingdom kingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataClass Chond well-situatedthyes (cartilaginous slant)Subclass Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays)Order Orectolobi impressesFamily RhincodontidaeGenus RhincodonSpecies Rhincodon typus integumentary governance track overcome Shark (Rhincodon typus) has the toughest and thickest fell of al mavin(prenominal) the animals in the world. It get byes up to 14 cm of thick whale shark is pale on the scum bag eradicate and dark gray-brown tinge with white spots on the perish. This can serve as a mask looking up or down the ocean for sharks preys (SRI, 2008).As all the some otherwise Chondrichtyes, titan Shark clamber is c all ove expiration with little cartilaginous tooth- akin structures, this argon dermal placoid scales arranged to skip the turbulence of pissing flowing on the tree trunk surface during swimming (Hickman, 2006). hulk shark hold ins immanent coarseness concentration s lower than seawater by pumping salt out through rectal glands and kidneys. Sharks retain carbamide dissolved in their body fluids. They alike seduce Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) use to protect their proteins from denaturation by carbamide turn back reapings.Re bivouacion of this organic solutes in their body fluids makes their osmolality slightly hypertonic to sea water (Hickman, 2008) Whale Sharks be poikilothermic this means that their body temperature is similar to the surroundings. They may regulate their body temperature by behavioral mechanism such(prenominal) as spending time in warmer surface water (Thumbs, 2012). Musculo-Skeletal remains As mentioned, Whale Shark is an elasmobranch the skeleton of this animal is made out of cartilage instead of bone. This on with the blown-up liver filled with fossil oil assistants the shark to float easier an spend less energy on its driveway (SRI, 2008).They also posses an pelvic equips supported by appendicular skeleton s, dorsal fins, a medial caudal fin and a median anal fin. The heterocercal tail in sharks shows that the upturned tail axis tends to produce a thrust directed downwards beback(prenominal) the c count on of balance of the look for and thus gives a moment turning the head upwards. This is countered in 2 waysby the rotation of the tail along its longitudinal axis during each lateral b course, and through the action of the ventral hypochordal lobe.The shape of the tail and the humor of action of the tail in all sharks so farther well-nigh considered reflects a balance between these threesome pointors, in all of them the net effect existence the production of a forward thrust from the tail that passes directly through the center of balance of the fish (Stewart, Keith and Simanek, Dan, 2012). Respiration System Whale Shark possesses 5 p communicate of lamella slits dictated on the side of their heads (SRI, 2008). Water must continually flow crosswise the gill slits in order for the shark to br eat uph They do non down gill covers like scraggy fishes do, so whale shark need to continually swim for constant flow.When water passes over the gill, a establishment of in truth fine pipeline line vessels takes up the type O from the water. Digestive System Whale Shark is a filter feeder. As it swims with its mouth open, masses of water filled with prey enter to its mouth consisted of 5 large gill arches. After closing its mouth, shark uses specialized organs called gill rakers to filter the nourishment from the water. Basically anything that does not pass trough the gills is eaten. (SRI, 2008). Preys may include plankton, krill, small fish and even squid. This shark can process over 6000 liters of water each our.urinary System Urea and trimethylamine (TMAO) in their blood and tissues help to guard their osmotic balance. They are without the usual urinary tract, so they concentrate urea in their blood and excrete it through their skin (Hickman, 2006). repro ductive System According to the Shark look for institute, Reproduction behavior is uncertain. In their article Whale Shark FAQ they state Only one large(predicate) womanly shark has ever been exanimated by scientist Dr. Jennifer V. Schmidt, Director of SRI genetics Program (12). The only pregnant egg-producing(prenominal) caught ontained in her tween uterus 307 embryos measuring between 42 and 63 cm in space, 15 where fully- developed and ready to born. Having this information whale sharks where found to fall into the classification of ovoviviparous. This information also suggests that Whale Sharks could be one of the more or less productive live bearing shark species. But it corpse unknown why their population is small. Sexual maturity in whale sharks may occur until they reach closely 9 meters long which is nigh 30 years old. Whale sharks live for about 70 to 800 years. (SRI, 2009) Bulltoad frog (Rana castabeiana) Kingdom AnimalPhylum Chordate Class Amphibians Order Salien tia Family Ranidae Genus Rana Species Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog) Integumentary establishment Frog skin is thin and loosely attached to some of the muscles in the body. It is composed the skin is known to be permeable, which means that let the water pass in and out through the skin membrane. Bullfrogs skin is periodically shed as other frogs and toads do. The epidermis of the Bullfrog contains two types of glands mucous glands, which help to protect the frog from dehydration and a large serous of glands that produce watery, poison material (Hickman, 2006).Musculo-skeletal formation As many other amphibians bullfrogs live mainly in fresh water, further they can also migrate to other pounds lakes or reservoirs specially when is rainy or hummed. Bullfrogs gestate a well-developed endoskeleton made out principle of bone and some cartilage this provides support for muscular movements (Hickman 2006). Bullfrog tent to develop strong and big muscles used for locomotion outside or insid e the water. Bullfrogs as virtually of the other frogs and toads, are faced with an unusual locomotory challenge. They put one over to swim and jump using primary the hind limbs.The foot possess five rays and hand posses fore rays. Hind limbs and fore limbs posses a web-like structure to help frog locomotion also in water (Nauwalaerts, Sandra et al, 2007). respiratory body Bullfrogs as many other amphibians use three respiratory surfaces for gas exchange skin, mouth, and lungs. In bullfrogs lungs are present in adults (Hickman, 2006). On land Bullfrogs breath with their mouths closed. Bullfrogs present a positive lung pressure for breathing (Heckman, 2007). Their throat movements pull air through the nostrils to the lungs. Then breathe out with body contractions.Bullfrogs can also respire under the water through the skin using a process called cutaneous gas exchange. They use their skin for oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange (Stinner N, Jerry, and Shoemaker, H. Vaughan, 1987) Digesti ve system Bullfrogs are voracious eaters, and pass on eat just about any animal they can swallow. These include insects, crayfish, worms, minnows, other frogs (even Bullfrogs), small turtles, snakes, bodge birds, and small mammals. They are nearly active at night. The frog digestive system, like most other digestive systems, starts in the mouth.Prey, which is some clock caught by the frogs sticky tongue, is diced by tooth-like structures in the mouth. The food thus moves down through the esophagus, into the stomach, where, much like in the shark, the food is softened, broken down somewhat, and stored. From the stomach, food moves into the small intestine, where the most of the chemical digestion (i. e. the pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, the liver secretes bile, etc. ) and nutrient absorption take place. One special attri entirelye of the frog small intestine is that it has villi, small projections that greatly ncrease the surface area of the small intestine, allowing more nutrient absorption. Urinary system The urinary system of Bullfrogs as most of the frogs is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. The kidney excretes and re-absorbs electrolytes (e. g. sodium, potassium and calcium) under the persuade of local and systemic hormones. pH balance is regulated by the excretion of bound acids and ammonium ions. Reproductive system Bullfrogs are known to be oviparous and breeding occurs in lasting bodies of water that typically contain thick grows of algae and rooted aquatic plants.Breeding pools usually are rich in aquatic animal life and have a soft mud bottom (Hammerson, Geoffrey A, 1999). They induce amplexus by making physical contact with an adult male. Amplexus and oviposition generally last from 15 min to 2. 5 hours and occur about midnight. Bullfrogs have found to mate and site orchis in areas outside the sites defended by calling males. (Hammerson, Geoffrey A, 1999). Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class class Reptilia Order Testudines (turtles and tortoises)? Family Cheloniidae (true sea turtles)? Genus Chelonia?Species Chelonia mydas Integumentary System Green sea turtles, as all the turtles species have evolved a bony outer shell, which protects them from predators. This shell covers both(prenominal) dorsal and ventral surfaces and it is consider the most highly developed protective armor of any vertebrate species to have ever lived. (Green Sea Turtles, 2001). The dorsal portion of the shell is known as carapace and it is cover with a large scale-like structures called scutes. The ventral portion of the shell is known as the plastron. This two structures are committed by hard shelled plates called lateral bridges.A difference of land turtles and tortoises, sea turtles are not able to recede their heads into their shells, and they heads remain out at all times (Green sea turtles, 2001) Green Sea turtles are heterothermic animals, whi ch means that they regulate their internal temperature from their environment, this also explains why this turtles live in warm temperatures. Chelonia mydas maintain homeostasis using a specialized gland called salt gland it helps them controlling their internal environment and it is located just behind each eye. Using this gland they excrete the excess of salt levels in blood in forms of tears. Green Sea Turtles, 2001). Musculo-skeletal system The skeleton is composed of bones and cartilages. Typically, it is divided into 3 main parts the skull, axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton in sea turtles, each of these bony groups is a mingled of several structures. The skull includes the braincase, jaws, and hyoid apparatus the axial skeleton is composed of the carapace, vertebrae, and ribs and the derivatives of the ribs. The plastron is a composite including derivatives of the axial and appendicular skeleton (ventral ribs plus shoulder elements).The appendicular skeleton includes t he flippers, hind limbs, and their supporting structures (the pectoral and pelvic girdles). (Wyneken, 2001. ) Sea turtles are interesting because they have very highly evolved flippers to help them propel through the water. In addition to being able to propel themselves through the water, the sea turtles use their flippers to cost increase up steep, rocky shores and can use their flippers to evade all sorts of variant predators of the sea turtles. While sea turtles all have the same basic anatomy, there are some things that set some species of sea urtles isolated from other sea turtles. For example, Green sea turtles have prefrontal scales on the head, a differing number of scutes on the carapace, and the type of inframarginal scutes that appear on the pastron. (Wtbeken, 2001. ) Respiratory system The sea turtle requires a respiratory system that is able to support it through diverse depths and distances. Due to sea turtless excessive breath-hold, the respiratory system must be able to compensate for time elapsed without exhalation. When exhalation does occur, it is brief. The main component that bears the respiratory incubus is essentially the lung.The lung, functions as the major oxygen store and can supply sufficient oxygen for most phone number dives (up to 20 mins) to be aerobic (Lutz, 1985). Moreover, the lung almost carries the complete load of respiration in the sea turtle. The respiratory properties of sea turtle blood are particularly well suited to lung-tissue transport during routine brethhold periods, surviving prolonged dives of at least three hours by having a high anaerobic capableness (Lutz, 1985). A difference of the amphibians, turtles posses a negative lung preassure. Digestive systemGreen sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, get their name from the color of their body fat, which is green from the algae or limu they eat. Adult green sea turtles are herbivores, meaning that they eat only plants, and therefore do not pose a threat to any other devil dog animals. Juvenile green sea turtles on the other hand are carnivorous. Their diet consists of jellyfish and other invertebrates (Green sea turtles, 2001). Although the carapaces of green sea turtles are mostly dark brown in color, they can be covered with patches of algae on which fishes in turn feed (Green sea turtles, 2001).This particular relationship of the fish eating algae off the turtles shell would be considered a form of mutualism. Urinary System The excretory system of the turtle is responsible for removing harmful wastes from the turtles body and blood. The kidney of the turtle performs the blood filtering process and the wastes are thusly sent to the vesica as urine. In sea turtles the kidneys are also aided by the salt gland to get rid of the excess salt in the sea water (Green Sea Turtles, 2001). The bladder is the storage place of the urine. From the bladder the urine goes to the cloaca, which is where urine feeds the body.The cloaca is also used to tak e in oxygen and other nutrients in sea turtles when they reach critical levels. Reproductive System Although green sea turtles live most of their lives in the ocean, adult females must return to land in order to lay their eggs. Biologists believe that nesting female turtles return to the same bank where they were born. Hawaiis green sea turtles migrate as far as 800 miles from their feeding areas along the coasts of the main Hawaiian islands to their nesting beaches in the Northwestern Hawaiian islands (Green Sea Turtles, 2001).Males surveil the females during the migration, which usually occurs in the late spring, and mate with them off the shores of the nesting beaches. Females do not mate every year, but when they do, they come ashore often- as many as five times every 15 long time to make nests in the sand and lay eggs. Green sea turtles nest only at night. The female must pull herself out of the water and all the way to the dry sand of the upper beach using only her front fli ppers. This is a difficult task as her front limbs have been special into highly effective swimming flippers, and do not support the bulk of her weight in the sand.After placing the eggs female basically has completed her parenting job, then she returns to the sea leaving her novels to fend for them-selves. Unfortunately, not all of the hatchlings reach the ocean. Many are snatched up by hungry crabs and other predators along the way or become lost and die. In addition, some are eaten by sharks and other carnivorous fishes while at sea. Only a few baby turtles from each nest will weather into adulthood. Jaguar (genus Panthera Onca) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata SubPhylum Vertebrata Class Mamalia Subclass Theria Infraclass EutheriaOrder Carnivora Suborder Feliformia Family Felidae Subfamily Pantherinae Genus Panthera Species Panthera onca Integumentary system Mammals bodies are covered by hairs, tegumentary features that contribute to the regulation of body temperature. In the skin there are a quantity of sweat glands and sebaceous or oil glands that help to keep the skin in good health by lubricating it and eliminating toxic byproducts through the sweat. In addition to this elimination function, the sweat contributes to thermo-regulation, cooling the surface through evaporation.In addition to hairs, the skin grows other structures, such as nails, claws or hooves as well as the horns and callous foot pads of certain mammals. Heterodontia is characteristic of mammals, that is to suppose that they have teeth of contrary structure, as opposed to homodontia, in which all the teeth are alike. Musculo-skeletal system The Jaguar is a large and muscular animal that has a heavier and sturdier body than that of a Leopard. They have a large, broad head with jaws so strong that they are said to have the most powerful flimflam of all the worlds Cats. Jaguar, 2008). They are also fast runners, but they get tired quickly. They can also climb very well and are good sw immers. (Felines, 2002) The panthers skeleton is not so different from the human skeleton. Jaguars have more bones and many are identical to those in the human being. They have have 13 ribs humans have 12. They also do have clavicles but unlike humans, they are not attached to other bones. The outside of a bone, the cortex, is composed of minerals and protein and gives the bone its rigidity. Inside the bone is the means cavity that produces red blood cells.Jaguars muscles are tough and well-coordinated and help to make the animal an lively hunter. Basically, panthers muscles are designed for walking, running, leaping, and twisting. Their muscular control and skeletal flexibility enable it to decline its body during a fall with incredible speeda trick that is unique to the family felidae. Respiratory System The respiratory system functions primarily to transfer oxygen from the air to the blood and to remove carbon dioxide from the blood and carry it out of the body into the air. Oxygen is vital to the bodys maintenance.Carbon dioxide is a waste product of the maintenance process. Jaguar breathes in air through its nose and mouth. The nose and mouth join to form the pharynx. The trachea is a tube that extends from the pharynx to the lungs. The epiglottis covers the trachea when swallowing occurs to prevent food and water from entering the lungs. At the lungs the trachea branches into smaller tubes called bronchi or bronchial tubes. The bronchi divide into smaller and smaller bronchioles until they become dead end sacs called alveoli. It is in the alveoli where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur.Digestive system The jaguar is a carnivore. It hunts mostly at night. Its prey includes capybara, peccaries, deer, large ground birds, fish, snakes, turtles and rabbits. It will also eat livestock like horses, cows and sheep. The jaguar hunts mostly on the ground, but it sometimes climbs a tree and pounces on its prey from above. The jaguar has ve ry powerful jaws and sharp teeth and usually kills its prey with one crushing bite to the skull. ( Jaguar, 2008) Jaguars digestive system is comprised of the alimentary canal and participator glands.The alimentary canal consists of the lips, mouth, teeth, tongue, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The accessory glands are the liver, pancreas, and the salivary glands. All the organs solve to process the food a cat eats. The intestines work to extract and absorb the nutrients and eliminate the wastes. (Foss, A. Michael, et al, 2008) Urinary System The important organs of the cats urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are located on either side of the body in the lumbar region (between ribs and pelvis).Blood is filtered through the kidneys and the liquid waste product is called urine. Urine is passed through the ureters to the bladder where it is stored. The urine is then discharged through the urethra, a tube connecti ng the bladder to the exterior of the body. (Foss, A. Michael, et al, 2008) Reproductive system Despite the fact that most Jaguar cubs are generally born between the months of December and March, it is not uncommon for them to be born at other times of the year. During the mating season, the female Jaguar will use brazen-faced vocal calls to attract a male into her territory. Female Jaguars typically give birth to two or three cubs.Once their cubs are born however, the female Jaguar will not tolerate the male in her territory as she becomes very protective of her young at this stage. Jaguar cubs are born fraud and gain their sight after about two weeks. They are weaned by their mother when they are around 3 months old, although the cubs will rely on their mother to hunt and provide for them until they are about 6 months old. At 6 months, the Jaguar cubs will then start to accompany the female jaguar on hunts but will not venture out on their own until they are one or two years old and have established a territory for themselves. Jaguar, 2008) Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) Kingdon Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Psittaciformes Family Pisttacinae Genus Ara Lacepede, 1799 Species Ara macao Subspecies Ara macao cyanopterus Integumentary system Scarlet macaws are brightly colored birds with feathers ranging in color bands from scarlet on their head and shoulders, to yellowness on their back and mid wing feathers and blue on the wing tips and tail feathers. The face has of a sudden white feathers. This area surrounds the light yellow colored eyes. The long, thick beak is light on the top and dark black on the bottom.The legs and feet are also black (David, 2003) Birds are endothermal, or warm-blooded. That means they have an internal furnace, fueled by food, that generates heat and allows them to keep their bodies at a constant temperature, even though the temperature of their environment changes. Birds are also able to regulate their body temper ature by conserving or losing heat through a variety of ways - feathers help retain heat, while panting helps get rid of heat. (Bird Life, 2008) Musculo-skeletal system Macaws are the largest parrots in the world the body of the scarlet macaw from beak to tail can be as long as 33 inches.This beautiful macaw has a creamy white, almost featherless face, with bright red plumage covering most of its body, wings and long tail. Brilliant blue and yellow feathers also adorn the lower wings. The birds strong beak is adapted to breaking hard nuts found in the rainforest. (David, 2003) Respiratory system The high metabolism and athletic life-style of birds require a great deal of oxygen. quadruple organs work together to carry oxygen to the cells nostrils, trachea, lungs, and air sacs. With each breath, air moves through the nostrils, down the trachea and into the lungs and air sacs. From the lungs, xygen passes into the bloodstream and then to the body cells. The air that passes into the air sacs cools the internal organs and helps maintain body temperature. Nearly all of the air in the lungs is replaced with each breath. When flying, birds require ten to twenty times more oxygen than at rest. To supply the extra oxygen, birds increase their breathing rates. (Bird Life, 2008) Digestive system red Scarlet Macaws mostly eat fruits and seeds, including large, hard seeds. Like other parrots, they are seed predators, they destroy the seeds that they eat and do not disperse them. Some macaws are sometimes seen eating clay from river banks. Bird Life, 2008 Since birds have no teeth, the digestive system must grind up food so that the energy stored in it can be used. A hollow digestive tube extends from the mouth through the entire length of the body to an external opening called the cloaca. The tube is divided into the throat (pharynx), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Urinary system The urinary system of birds is different from mammals, as birds produce both urine and urates. The kidneys possess two different types of nephrons, the units that filter the blood to remove toxins and products of metabolism.Birds cannot concentrate their urine as well as mammals can. Birds also are uricotelic, meaning that they excrete the end product of nitrogen metabolism as uric acid, which is made in the liver and they excreted from the blood. Uric acid is the creamy white portion of the dropping. Urine is the clear portion. The feces found the third portion of a dropping, and this consists of the solid portion, usually brown or green, depending on what the bird has been eating. A bird is able to urinate independently of defecating, or passing feces, but most of the time, the bird will pass urine, urates and feces at the same time. Bird Life 2008) Reproductive system Like most parrots, the female Scarlet Macaw lays 2 to 4 white eggs in a tree cavity. The young hatch after 24 to 25 days. They fledge about 105 days later and leave their pare nts a year later. (bird life, 2008) The scarlet macaw protects its baby by staying in the nest with the baby or babies and being aware of any type of danger. It pinches predators with its beak and screams noises for help when a predator wants to eat the baby and/ or female. The female stays with the baby 1-2 years. It stays most of the day and the male fetch food for the baby or babies. Brightsmith, 2004) Works cited Shark Research Institute. Whale Shark FAQ. Dlvingdog productions Inc. Nov 2006. Shark Research Institute. November 7, 2012. (Greey Literature) Thums, Michele. Why Whale Sharks Need to Swim Near the Surface. PHYS. ORG. Benson Jhon, October 19, 2012. Web. November 7, 2012. (Gray literature) Stewart, Keith and Simanek, Dan. Body Form and Locomotion in Sharks. Integrative and comparative degree Biology Vol 17. 2 (2012) 343-354. Print (Scientific Journal) Roberts, Hickman, et al. Integrated Principles of Zoology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006.Print Hammerson, Geoffrey A . Amphibians and Reptiles in carbon monoxide, A Colorado Field Guide. Niwot, Colorado University Press of Colorado, 1999. Print Nauwalaerts, Sandra et al. Morphological correlates of aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in semi-aquatic frog. Journal of Anatomy. Vol. 210. 3 (2007) 304-317. Print. (Journal) Stinner N, Jerry, and Shoemaker, H. Vaughan. Cutaneous gas exchange and low evaporative water loss in the frogs. Journal of comparative Physiology B Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology. Vol 157. 4 (1987) 423-427.Print. (journal) Earthtrust. 2001. Green sea turtles. Retrieved November 7, 2012, from website http//earthrust. org/wlcurruc/turtles. html Wyneken, J. 2001. The Anatomy of Sea Turtles. U. S. Department of trading NOAA Thechnical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-470, 1-172. Print Lutz, P. L. and T. B. Bentley. 1985. Respiratory Physiology of Diving in the Sea Turtle. Copeia. 3 671-679 Felines. UXL Encyclopedia of Science. 2002. Encyclopedia. com. 10 November, 2012 Jagu ar. OpenCrypt rank software. 2008. Web. November 9, 2012. Foss, A. Michael, et al. Cat Anatomy and Physiology. 4-H Youth Development. 4. 3. (2008) 210-267. Print Jukofsky, Diane. Encyclopedia of Rainforests. Connecticut Oryx Press, 2002. Alderton, David (2003). The ultimate encyclopedia of caged and bird sanctuary birds. London, England Hermes House. p. 234. BirdLife International 2008. Ara macao. In IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009. 1. . Brightsmith, D. 2004. Macaws, their Nesting Sites and the Macaw Project (On-line). Rainforest Expeditions. at http//www. perunature. com/info01. asp.

Liquidity Measurement Ratios

TESTS , the basic findings to be focused are the proportionality psychoanalysis to bring companys profitability, liquidity and asset management. First of all let us focus on the liquidity metre ratios that proves companys solvency In repaying debts and other liabilities. In comparison of 2013 & 2014, the Interpretation from current ratio can be drawn as higher the current ratio higher the capability of paying obligations. Here in our take apart the current ratio In 2013 Is less than 1 that Indicates the company has problems of paying.Comparatively In 2014 the ratio Is greater than 1 . The indication Is quite good. The quick ratio meets companys piddling term liabilities. The higher the ratio, higher the companys ability for repaying short term liableness. Here for both the year 2013 the quick ratio In associate with the current ratio Is almost zero. It has negative effect on company but for 2014 the quick ratio Is better. It Indicates company Is In good liquidly position and I t has 2. 5 lulls assets to cover its current liability. Now In the phase of profitability analysis return on asset is better in 201 3 than 2014. E higher return on asset Shows Company earning more with less investment. If we look at the return on capital assiduous the 2014 data shows higher value than the 2013. It signifies company is employing its capital appropriately and generating shareholders value. From the above discussion we can cogitate companys position from 2013 to 2014 is better irrespective of its solvency and capital generation as well as profitability growth. For divination companies income statement we can use few assumptions like gross assumption,operating expenses, cost of revenue, operating margin assumption.By followers the record for the past data the future income statement can be predicted. If we discuss them one by one we can have a clear idea. For revenue if we analyses the past year records it can be noticed its fluctuation year by year. In 2012 the com pany having higher position in revenue than its position from 2013 & 14. By observing the operating expenses we can have the higher data in 2014 than 201 3 and in 2012 the lowest data. The operating expenses shows in which area the company can curtail its expenses before damaging the company situation.

Functionalist Theory Essay

The use sufficientist possibility is one that views the society as one that is social system made up of interrelated components. distributively of these components is important and works unitedly towards the achievement of a whole complete society. A coarse comparison supporting the agencyalist surmise is the military personnel body which has several body organs which usually work together with problems in one organ affecting the rest of the body. The study components inside a society atomic number 18 customs, traditions, norms and institutions such as families.It is agreed among major operating(a)ists that social institutions make the essential components of society with rules and regulations being essential so as to organize the society in an effective manner. Functionalism inside the discipline of anthropology developed in the early 20th century as a reaction to the extremes of the diffusionist and evolutionary theories developed within the nineteenth century (Goldschm idt 1996).The change was as a result of a change in focus from the to a greater extent speculative diachronic examination of cultural traits and social customs as survivals to a more cooccurring examination of the motley social institutions existing within functioning societies. Functionalists were attempting to increase socio-cultural examination beyond the limits of the evolutionary notion of social history which viewed cultural traits and social customs as the residual pieces of cultural history.The possibility has anthropological roots based on the thoughts and works of Bronislaw Malinowski, who argued that social institutions existed so as to meet the physiological needs of individuals within a society. As such, social stability was achieved by ensuring the needs of the individuals comprising the society were met with capable knowledge of the feelings and motives of these individuals forming a basis for understanding how the society functioned. He viewed culture as the main ingredient that ensured the needs of the members of a society were met.It is also based on the works of Alfred Radcliffe-Brown who argued that the basic divisions of anthropology were the various processes of human life within a social structure interlinked through interactions. Stability within society was therefrom achieved through social practices that would repeat themselves and develop overtime supporting each other. As such, he theorized functional analysis as the attempt to understand social stability by observing how these social practices would checker together.The functionalist theory is also based on the thoughts and works of major social positivists and was first theorized by Auguste Comte pastime the French revolution which resulted in social malaise. This led him to see the need for social cohesion within society. This was followed by the works of Emile Durkheim that advanced the theory of organic solidarity, whose major emphasis was on the fundamental function th at ethical consensus played in ensuring social order as well as building an residue within society.His main concern was how certain societies were able to maintain stability and be able to move hence proposed that such societies are usually have subdivisions with the separate divisions being held mutually by common values and symbols. In addition, Talcott Parsons argued that a social system is usually one that is comprised of the actions of individuals who are faced with a variety of choices which in turn are influenced by several social and physical factors.He posited a social system that had iv types of action systems which include culture, personality, organismic, and society, with each these four systems having to satisfy four functional needs which were latency, adaptation, integration, and goal attainment. His analysis involved studying the processes and trade offs of social structures within and between the four system levels (Turner and Maryanski 1991). Central principles in the functionalist theory Functionalist analysis studies the social importance of phenomena.It seeks to examine the various functions that these phenomena servicing within a society in order to preserve the whole (Jarvie, 1973). According to Malinowski, the major concepts included Understanding behavior based on an individuals motivation in addition to twain rational and irrational behavior Recognizing the interrelationship of the various items which comprised a culture forming a system and Recognizing a particular item and identifying its function within the contemporary operation of a culture.Radcliffe-Brown based his works on those of Emile Durkheim who had posited that social phenomena comprised a domain of reality that was independent of any biological or psychological facts. As such, social phenomena have to be apologiseed in terms of the other social phenomena occurring within the domain (Broce, 1973). Radcliffe-Brown hence studied the circumstances under which the various social structures are upheld within society.He developed an similarity between organic life and social life in order to be able to explain the idea of function hence placing emphasis on the contribution of phenomena to preserving social order. Functional analysis has disposed value to social institutions. This is because it considers them as integrated and active components of a social system and not as simple customs (Langness, 1987). Functionalism has also contributed to the current idea that traditional usages have been formed by the indispensability that human beings have to live collectively in harmony.Its emphasis on exhaustive fieldwork has offered an in-depth study of human societies. In addition, the study of functional interrelationship between institutions and customs has provided a framework for collecting information on how societies function. Major criticisms There have been several criticisms raised against the functionalist theory leading to its decline. T he functionalist theory has been criticized for its major ignorance towards historical process in addition to its presumption that societies exists in an equilibrium state (Goldschmidt, 1996).Interactionist theorists have criticized this theory due to its failure to conceptualize sufficiently the multifaceted nature of individual actors and the methods of interaction within societies. red ink theorists have criticized functionalism due to its conservativism and the fixed nature of examination used that underlined the role of social phenomena in the preservation of the status-quo within society (Holmwood, 2005). Constructionist theorists have criticized functionalism due to the use of classificatory theories that characterized phenomena based on their functions (Turner and Maryanski, 1991). Responses to Critiques proportional functionalism, developed by Walter Goldschmidt, attempts to respond to the difficulties that have developed as a result of Malinowskis tilt that a culture can be comprehended on its own with institutions been seen as products of the various cultures within which they were created. Comparative functionalism seeks to understand institutional differences between cultures by examining phenomena within the different cultures and the problems experienced in these societies. This entree is worthwhile since it is aware of the universality of the functions to which social institutions are a response to.Problems are usually pursuant(predicate) from one culture to another culture, but the institutional solutions that will be needed will turn from one culture to another (Holmwood, 2005). As such, one begins with analyzing the problem so as to find come out how institutional procedures provide solutions. Neo-functionalism is an attempt to revise British structural-functionalism. Some neo-functionalists seek to analyze phenomena based on particular functional requisites. Other neo-functionalists focus on matters of social integration, social evolu tion, and social differentiation.Others examine how the various cultural processes such as rituals, values, and ideologies integrate with social structures. However, neo-functionalism places little emphasis on how phenomena are able to meet system needs (Turner and Maryanski, 1991). This approach is worthwhile since it provides a bridge between human behavior, which oftentimes involves cooperation, and natural selection, where individual interaction involves competition more than cooperation. References Broce, G. (1973). History of Anthropology. Minneapolis Burgess Publishing Company. Goldschmidt, W. (1996). Functionalism. In encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, Vol 2.David Levinson and Melvin Ember, eds. New York Henry Holt and Company. Holmwood, J. (2005). Functionalism and its Critics, in Harrington, A. Modern Social Theory An Introduction. Oxford Oxford University Press. Jarvie, I. C. (1973). Functionalism. Minneapolis Burgess Publishing Company. Kuper, A. (1996). Anthropolo gy and Anthropologists. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. Langness, L. (1987). The Study of Culture. Novato, California Chandler & Sharp Publishers, Inc. Turner, J. H. & Maryanski, A. (1991). Functionalism. In Borgatta, E. F, Encyclopedia of Sociology, Vol 2. New York MacMillan Publishing Company.